The valence electrons in the metal share the chemical bond formed by the Coulomb attraction between the negative electron cloud and the positive ion particles on the lattice, and the metal crystal is mainly bound by the metal bond. Metal bonds do not have directionality, so they can be densely arranged in structure (such as face centered cubic, closely arranged hexagonal, and body centered cubic) to minimize energy; They can be approximated as metal ions with equal diameter spherical aggregates, and have high space utilization efficiency.
Fundamental of Material Science -> Physical and chemical basis of materials