Explanation

It refers to nanomaterials with special physical and chemical properties and functions that have at least one dimension in the nanoscale range (1-lOOrnn) or are composed of them as basic units in three-dimensional space. nanomaterials have small average particle size, many surface atoms, large specific surface and high surface energy. Their properties show unique small size effect, quantum size effect, surface effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effet. By controlling the size morphology, internal surface composition and structure difference, crystallization mode, defects and doping of nanomaterials, materials can grow randomly to controllable growth, disorder to order, realize the control of materials' performance, and prepare nanomaterials with special properties and corresponding functions. The controllable preparation of large quantities of materials is a key link to realize the application of materials. There are many methods to prepare functional nanomaterials, mainly including physical method and chemical method. Physical method mainly includes crushing method and construction method, while chemical method mainly includes gas phase reaction method and liquid-phase reaction. This kind of materials has been widely used in nano electronic devices and molecular electronic devices due to its unique electron transfer performance; Its efficient photoelectric conversion and catalytic performance have also been applied in the field of new energy (such as solar energy, fuel cell, etc.); Magnetic and optical functional nanomaterials have been widely used in the calibration, detection, sensitive devices and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of ultra sensitive biomolecules.

Classification