Explanation

Impurities that can provide holes for semiconductors are also called P-type impurities. In fact, acceptor provides holes in the valence band by receiving electrons in the valence band - the minimum energy required for acceptor to ionize to generate holes is called acceptor ionization energy AEa. Generally, AEa takes the top of the valence band as the reference point. Divide recipients into shallow recipients and deep recipients based on their size. At room temperature, the acceptor that can be ionized by heat energy is called shallow acceptor, for example, boron in silicon is a shallow acceptor.

Classification