Explanation

A discipline that studies the stress and strain generated by an elastic body under external factors such as load, temperature, etc. Its basic assumption is that the object is continuous, homogeneous, elasticity deformed and the amount of deformation is very small. The basic method of elastic mechanics is to establish a set of differential equations with stress (or displacement) as the basic unknown function from three aspects of static balance, geometric relations and physical equations; Solve high-order differential equations that satisfy boundary conditions. Mathematically, the problem of elastic mechanics can be attributed to the boundary value problem, that is, the elastic body must meet both the basic equations (static balance, geometric relations and physical equations) and the boundary conditions (stress or displacement boundary conditions, or mixed boundary conditions). Because it is difficult to solve mathematically and it is difficult to have analytical solutions for general problems of elastic mechanics, it is traditionally applied to some simple plate and shell structures, as well as T-path problems such as dams and foundations. Some typical problems solved by elastic mechanics include: torsion of rods with non-circular cross section; stress concentration near the circular hole; Contact stress between two projectile bodies; Stress field analysis in an infinite elastic body under concentrated force; Stress analysis in some simple plates and shells, as well as stress analysis around dislocation lines, have been widely used in engineering. With the widespread application of electronic computers, numerical methods such as difference method, variational method, and finite element method are often used to solve complex problems in practical engineering. In addition, elastic mechanics is also the basis of plastic mechanics and fracture mechanics.

Classification