Explanation

The science of studying the thermal motion of matter and its thermal properties. Different from thermodynamics, it starts from the microscopic structure of matter and uses statistical methods to study the thermal properties of macroscopic objects, which is a microscopic theory of thermal phenomena. statistical physics regards the macroscopic properties of matter as the statistical average of the corresponding microscopic quantities. Its advantage is that it can calculate the micro determining factors of macro quantities, which deepens people's understanding of the essence of various thermal phenomena; The disadvantage is that the conclusions given by the approximate model are only approximate representatives of the actual structure, which is the limitation of statistical physics. In practical work, the general characteristics are usually derived from thermodynamics first, and then statistical physics is used for further research, and thermodynamics conclusions are used to verify the correctness of statistical physics analysis. statistical physics includes statistical thermodynamics (system equilibrium state), non-equilibrium state statistical theory and fluctuation theory.

Classification