A materials constant is the ratio of tensile (compression) stress to strain on the surface of the tensile (or compression) side in the range of elastic deformation in the bending test. It represents the ability of materials to resist bending deformation. bending modulus is an index of mechanical properties of materials, which reflects the binding force between atoms in materials. Due to factors such as test method, sample shape, surface machining accuracy, etc., the measurement of this value fluctuates greatly. It is specified that the average value should be obtained from the results of six samples, with three samples bending with the convex surface facing upwards and three samples bending with the concave surface facing upwards
Fundamental of Material Science -> Performance basis of materials