Mechanical property index used to measure the hardness and softness of solid materials. If a hard object is pressed against the surface of another materials, the resistance of the materials to pressing is called materials. The physical meaning of the value varies with the method of hardness test. There are two commonly used methods: Indentation method and scratch method. The value measured by the Indentation method represents the resistance (resistance) of the surface of materials against plastic deformation caused by another object's indentation. The value measured by scratch method indicates the resistance of materials to surface cracking. So it is a comparative value. Each test method has its own measurement methods and standards.
Fundamental of Material Science -> Performance basis of materials